Wireless Technologies

A basic explanation of the types of technology Oriontech makes use of and their advantages to give you an overview of the effectiveness of our products.

Sigfox

Lora

LoraWan

GSM

Zigbee

Sensor device

1. Introduction

The Sigfox network offers a high quality of service which is highly resistant to interference. It’s perfectly fitted for low-cost IoT devices that need to run on extremely low energy consumption levels and need to send data over a very long range.

2. Features & Specifications

The Sigfox network is aimed at providing connectivity for a variety of applications and users. It is not aimed at one area, but at being for general use by a variety of different types of users. The Sigfox network performance is characterised by the following:

* Up to 140 messages per object per day
* Payload size for each message is 12 bytes
* Wireless throughput up to 100 bits per second

Powered at 3.3 V. The info below shows the module’s average current consumption in
different states and power consumption of the module:

OFF: 0 mA
Transmitting data: ~ 52 mA
Receiving data: ~ 13 mA

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Frequency: ISM 868 MHz
Range: 30 to 50 Km (Rural areas) and 3 to 10 Km (Urban areas)
Uplink/downlink: Supports mono as well as bi-directional communication
Frequency hopping: Supported
Throughput: 100 bps
Security & privacy: Sigfox employs various techniques to support this

The overall Sigfox network topology has been designed to provide a scalable, high-capacity network, with very low energy consumption, while maintaining a simple and easy to rollout star-based cell infrastructure

3. Application Areas

Areas where the Sigfox network may be used include:

Agriculture

Supply chain & logistics

Manufacturing

Utilities & energy

Retail

Insurance

Home & lifestyle

Radio modulation scheme

1. Introduction

LoRa (short for long range) is a spread spectrum modulation technique derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. LoRa Technology is the DNA of IoT, connecting sensors to the Cloud and enabling real-time communication of data and analytics that can be utilized to enhance efficiency and productivity.

2. Features & Specifications

Long Range: Connects devices up to 30 miles apart in rural areas and penetrates dense urban or deep indoor environments

Low Power: Requires minimal energy, with prolonged battery life of up to 10 years, minimizing battery replacement costs

Secure: Features end-to-end AES128 encryption, mutual authentication, integrity protection, and confidentiality

Standardized: Offers device interoperability and global availability of LoRaWAN networks for speedy deployment of IoT applications anywhere

Geolocation: Enables GPS-free tracking applications, offering unique low power benefits untouched by other technologies

Mobile: Maintains communication with devices in motion without strain on power consumption

High Capacity: Supports millions of messages per base station, meeting the needs of public network operators serving large markets

Low Cost: Reduces infrastructure investment, battery replacement expense, and ultimately operating expenses

3. Application Areas

Some companies are using the full LoRa technology stack in interesting ways. Ofo, a Chinese bike sharing company, is equipping its bicycles with LoRa devices and wireless radio frequency technology to pinpoint the bikes’ locations. The company currently operates in more than 180 cities in China.

With a multitude of IoT vertical applications, LoRa Technology is creating business efficiencies and improving lives around the world.

Agriculture: Precision farming, smart Irrigation, cattle tracking, autonomous Irrigation, smart soil sensors

Environment: Natural disaster communication, endangered species protection, water system monitoring

Metering: Real-Time Water Metering, Smart Water & Gas Management, Gas Level Monitoring

Supply Chain & Logistics: Cargo tracking, Stolen vehicle recovery, airport asset tracking, shipping container tracking

Industrial: Remote sensors in harsh environments, Indoor air quality, Industrial temp, liquid presence detection

Media access control (MAC)-layer protocol

1. Introduction

LoRaWAN is the network on which LoRa operates, and can be used by IoT for remote and unconnected industries. LoRaWAN is a media access control (MAC) layer protocol for managing communication between LPWAN gateways and end-node devices, maintained by the LoRa Alliance.

2. Features & Specifications

3. Application Areas

Radiation and leak detection

Smart sensor technology

Item location and tracking

Shipping and transportation

Fire detection and management

Waste management

Global System for Mobile communications

1. Introduction

GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as tablets.

2. Features & Specifications

The uplink frequency range specified for GSM is 933 – 960 MHz (basic 900 MHz band only). The downlink frequency band 890 – 915 MHz (basic 900 MHz band only).

Channel spacing indicates the spacing between adjacent carrier frequencies. For GSM, it is 200 kHz.

Duplex distance is the space between the uplink and downlink frequencies. The duplex distance for GSM is 80 MHz, where each channel has two frequencies that are 80 MHz apart.

The total symbol rate for GSM at 1 bit per symbol in GMSK produces 270.833 K symbols/second. The gross transmission rate of a timeslot is 22.8 Kbps.

GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps.

3. Application Areas

GSM is recommended for industrial industries.

Useful for digital communication such as GPS, SMS, voice calls and more.

IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols.

1. Introduction

Zigbee communication is specially built for control and sensor networks on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and it is the product from Zigbee alliance.

2. Features & Specifications

Zigbee is built for control and sensor networks on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). The Zigbee WPANs operate on 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz, and 868 MHz frequencies.

The Zigbee specifications, which are maintained and updated by the Zigbee Alliance, boost the IEEE 802.15.4 standard by adding network and security layers in addition to an application framework.